Craftsman Furniture Style

Originating in the late 19th century, the Craftsman furniture style is a distinct American design movement. It emerged as a response to the elaborate patterns and ornamentation of the Victorian era and the mass production methods that arose during the Industrial Revolution. Central to the Craftsman style is the emphasis on handmade craftsmanship, natural materials, and simplicity in design.

Historical Context

The Arts and Crafts Movement, which began in England, greatly influenced the development of Craftsman furniture in the United States. Figures like William Morris advocated for the return to handcraftsmanship and the use of natural materials. In America, this translated into the Craftsman style, popularized by the likes of Gustav Stickley and the Greene brothers. Their focus was on practicality, durability, and simplicity, which stood in contrast to the ornate aesthetic that preceded it.

Key Characteristics

• Materials: Craftsman furniture is often made from sturdy woods such as oak, walnut, and cherry. These woods are chosen not only for their durability but also for their beautiful grain and natural finish.
• Joinery: Unlike many mass-produced pieces, Craftsman furniture frequently features visible joinery techniques like dovetail and mortise and tenon joints. These not only enhance the structural integrity but also add to the aesthetic value.
• Hardware: Metal hardware in Craftsman furniture is typically simple and functional. Common materials include iron and copper, which develop a pleasing patina over time.
• Lines and Proportions: Clean, straight lines and a lack of unnecessary embellishment are hallmarks of this style. Proportions are usually balanced and straightforward.
• Finish: Finishing techniques often emphasize the natural beauty of the wood. Light stains, oils, and waxes are commonly used to bring out the grain and protect the furniture.

Iconic Pieces

The Morris Chair is one of the most iconic pieces of Craftsman furniture. Named after William Morris, it features a reclining back and wide armrests, designed for comfort and practicality. Another famous piece is the Stickley Sideboard, notable for its functional design and robust build. The simple, yet elegant, design of these pieces makes them highly sought after in antique markets today.

Design Philosophy

The philosophy behind Craftsman furniture is to create beautiful, functional pieces that can be handed down through generations. This is achieved through meticulous craftsmanship and the use of high-quality materials. There’s a profound respect for the natural world, evident in the focus on natural materials and sustainable practices. This approach results in furniture that is not only aesthetically pleasing but also built to last.

Impact on Modern Design

Although Craftsman furniture peaked in popularity in the early 20th century, its influence is still visible in modern design. Many contemporary designers draw inspiration from the simplicity, functionality, and natural materials of the Craftsman style. This can be seen in the minimalist and organic design trends that prioritize sustainability and craftsmanship.

Purchasing Craftsman Furniture

Finding authentic Craftsman furniture requires a discerning eye. Original pieces from the early 1900s often come with a high price tag, reflecting their historical value and superior craftsmanship. For those seeking the Craftsman style without the antique price, several modern manufacturers specialize in this design. Look for brands that emphasize hand-crafted methods and use high-quality wood.

Caring for Craftsman Furniture

Maintaining the beauty of Craftsman furniture involves regular care. Dusting the wood surfaces with a soft cloth prevents buildup that could scratch the finish. Periodically applying wood oil or wax helps preserve the wood’s luster and health. Care should be taken to avoid placing furniture in direct sunlight or near heat sources, which can cause the wood to dry out and crack.

DIY Craftsman Projects

For those with woodworking skills, building your own Craftsman-style furniture can be a rewarding project. Plenty of plans and guides are available, emphasizing traditional joinery techniques and high-quality materials. This not only provides a sense of accomplishment but also results in a custom piece that fits perfectly with your décor.

Notable Craftsman Designers

• Gustav Stickley: One of the most prominent figures in American Craftsman furniture. His designs emphasized simplicity, functionality, and high-quality materials.
• Greene and Greene: Brothers Charles and Henry Greene integrated elements of Asian architecture into their Craftsman designs, creating exceptionally detailed and elegant pieces.
• William Morris: Though not American, his influence on the Arts and Crafts Movement was foundational, shaping the principles that guided Craftsman furniture design.

Legacy

The enduring appeal of Craftsman furniture lies in its timeless design and exceptional craftsmanship. It represents a philosophy of quality over quantity and a celebration of natural materials. Craftsman furniture continues to inspire and be cherished, offering a comforting connection to a time when beauty and function were created by hand. The legacy of this style is reflected not just in the furniture itself, but in the shared appreciation for craftsmanship and sustainable practices in modern design.